Südafrika, 1930–2018
David Goldblatt wurde 1930 in eine Familie litauischer Juden geboren, die 1890 wegen religiöser Verfolgung nach Südafrika geflohen war. Über einen Zeitraum von mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert hat Goldblatt sein Land mit seiner umfassenden fotografischen Arbeit dokumentiert. Seine fast ausschließlich in Schwarz-Weiß fotografierten Bilder von Minen, Townships, Gebäuden, Denkmälern und anderen Bildthemen könnte man lesen wie meditative Betrachtungen über die Bedingungen und Räume des Innern und des Äußeren: Zu jedem intimen Porträt einer Afrikanerin in ihrer Wohnung findet sich ein Gegenpart abgebildet, ein ernstes Foto eines Stadtbeamten oder Bürokraten, der an einem mächtigen und doch irgendwie auch befremdlich anspruchslosen Schreibtisch sitzt. Auf ähnliche Weise wird ein Widerhall erzeugt zwischen historischen Bildern von Townshiptreffen aus der Zeit der Apartheid und neueren Fotografien von der offenen Landschaft Südafrikas. Solch binäre Gegenüberstellungen könnte man leicht fortführen, um weitere Gegensatzpaare darin zu lesen, wie unterirdisch/überirdisch, urban/suburban oder – auch rein formal – schwarz/weiß.
Goldblatts Bilder porträtieren wechselseitig die Ordnung und den Ruin, die den Kern der südafrikanischen Moderne auszumachen scheinen. Sie könnten auch dazu anregen, zu untersuchen, ob nicht jedem Getrenntsein, im Sinne einer Apartheid, ein internalisiertes zusammenhaltendes Ordnungsmuster entgegensteht. Doch obwohl die Bilder die Betrachtenden für die Gleichzeitigkeit von Innen und Außen sensibilisieren – eine Bedingung. die auch von Goldblatts eigener, persönlicher komplizierter Geschichte innerhalb der Geschichte Südafrikas erzählt –, wird hier von ihm eben nicht bloß ein Kommentar abgegeben oder bloß etwas im Raum stehengelassen – eine Qualität, die das alte Wort des französischen Fotopioniers Eugène Atget "Was ich mache, sind Dokumente" in seiner existenziellen Wertigkeit in Erinnerung ruft. Dem jungen Goldblatt waren die Fotografien für die U.S. Farm Security Administration von Dorothea Lange (1895–1965) und Walker Evans (1903–1975) bekannt. Räumlich näher haben ihn die südafrikanischen Fotografen*innen inspiriert, die in den 1950er Jahren für das Magazin Drum arbeiteten – darunter Jürgen Schadeberg, Peter Magubane und Bob Gosani. Goldblatts Bilder vermeiden das Sensationelle und schauen hingegen lieber auf das Alltägliche. Viele der neueren Bilder konzentrieren sich auf die karge Landschaft am Nordkap, andere, ähnliche Arbeiten erkunden öffentliche und private Erinnerungsstätten, die in dieser Landschaft zu finden sind.
Goldblatt engagiert sich dezidiert für die demokratische Repräsentation im weitesten Sinne und arbeitet ruhelos als aufrechter Fotograf, Mentor, Ausbilder und Unterstützer der Fotografie in Südafrika. 1989 gründete er den Market Photo Workshop in Johannesburg, ein soziales, kulturelles und technisches Zentrum und eine Ausbildungsstätte für junge Fotograf*innen, die andernfalls von formaler Schulung ausgeschlossen wären. Goldblatts Fotos sind weltweit in zahllosen Einzel- und Gruppenausstellungen gezeigt worden, darunter eine zentrale Retrospektive, "David Goldblatt: Fifty-One Years", 2001 im Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona. 2009 wurde Goldblatt der Henri Cartier-Bresson Award für TJ, eine laufende Auseinandersetzung mit seiner Stadt Johannesburg, verliehen.
– James Merle Thomas
"Boss Boy" detail, Battery Reef, Randfontein Estates Gold Mine, Randfontein, Transvaal. 1966
A shoemaker at work, Raleigh Street, Yeoville. 14 September 2006
A Stadium for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Green Point, Cape Town. 17 August 2008
Anna Boois, Namaqualand, Northern Cape. 20 September 2003
Bantustans: Framework for a new dwelling, Flagstaff, Transkei. 9 October 1975
Bantustans: Going home: 8:45 pm, Marabastad-Waterval bus; some of these passengers will reach home at 10:00 pm and start the next day at 2:00 am. 1984
Bantustans: Going to work: 2:45 am, the first bus of the day. There being almost no employment opportunities in KwaNdebele, these people travel up to eight hours per day to get to and from work around Pretoria, Mathysloop, KwaNdebele. 1984
Bantustans: House near Phuthaditjhaba, Qwa Qwa. 1 May 1989
Bantustans: Kite flying, near Phuthaditjhaba, Qwa Qwa. 1 May 1989
Bantustans: Landscape with 1500 lavatories, Frankfort, Ciskei. 12 July 1983
Blue asbestos fibres, Owendale Mine, Northern Cape. 26 October 2002
Children at the border between Pageview (Fietas) and Mayfair, Johannesburg. April 1952
Deserted farmhouse near Molteno. Eastern Cape. 25 February 2006
Evening exodus from the city. Blacks stream to Westgate station for trains to Soweto; Whites, in their cars, head for the Northern Suburbs, Johannesburg. 1964
Harry Oppenheimer, chairman of the Anglo American Corporation in his office at the company's headquarters, 44 Main Street, Johannesburg. 1966
In Boksburg: Flag-raising ceremony for Republic Day at Christian Brothers College, Boksburg. 1979-1980
In Boksburg: Funeral with military honours for two boyhood friends who went to school together in Boksburg, were drafted into the same unit of the South African Army, and were killed in the same action against SWAPO on the Namibia-Angola border, Boksburg.
In Boksburg: Meeting of the Worker-Management Liaison Committee of the Colgate-Palmolive Company, Boksburg. 1980
In Boksburg: Members of the Methodist Church meet to find ways of reducing the racial, cultural and class barriers which divide them, Boksburg. 1979–1980
In Boksburg: On the stoep in her new tutu, Boksburg. 1980
In Boksburg: Saturday afternoon in Sunward Park, Boksburg. 1979–1980
In Boksburg: Saturday morning at the corner of Commissioner and Trichardts streets, Boksburg. 1979–1980
In Boksburg: Saturday morning at the Pick 'n Pay hypermarket, semi-final of the Miss Lovely Legs Competition, Boksburg. 1980
Joburg: Domestic worker's afternoon off, Sunninghill, Sandton. 23 July 1999
Joburg: Hassimia Sahib's butchery truncated but still in business after demolition of his neighbour's portion under the Group Areas Act. Whites in residence in their new houses, Fietas. 8 March 1986
Joburg: In the Docrat living room before its destruction under the Group Areas Act, 20th Street, Fietas. 1977
Joburg: Southeast wing of a hostel for Black male workers erected during apartheid as part of a scheme to make Joburg city and suburbs white, Alexandra Township. 1 June 1988
Migrant mineworkers who had served their contracts on the gold mines and were waiting for a train to take them part-way to their homes in Nyassaland (Malawi), Mayfair railway station, Johannesburg. December 1952
Miner's bunks in the abandoned Chinese compound, so called because it probably housed indentured Chinese labourer between 1904 and 1910. Before its abandonment in the 1950s, Black miners were accommodated here, Simmer & Jack Gold Mine, Germiston.
Mineworkers in their hostel, Western Deep Levels, Carletonville
Mineworkers in their hostel, Western Deep Levels, Carletonville
Miriam Mazibuko watering her garden, Extension 8, Far East Alexandra Township. 12 September 2006
Mother and Child, Vorstershoop, North West Province. 1 June 2003
Old mill foundations, tailings wheel and sand dump, Witwatersrand Deep Gold Mine, Germiston. August 1966
Refugees from Zimbabwe given shelter in the Central Methodist Church, Pritchard Street. 22 March 2009
Remains of households in a children's game called onopopi, and the shells of incomplete houses in a housing scheme that stalled. Kwezinaledi, Lady Grey, Eastern Cape. 5 August 2006
Second Avenue, Houghton. 26 September 2006
Sheep Farm at Oubip, Between Aggenys and Loop 10, Bushmanland, Northern Cape. 5 June 2004
Some Afrikaners: A farmer's son with his nursemaid, Heimweeberg, Nietverdiend. 1964
Some Afrikaners: A plot-holder, his wife and their eldest son at lunch, Wheatlands, Randfontein. September 1962
Some Afrikaners: A railway shunter who dreamed of a garden without concrete or bricks, watered by this dam on his plot, or small-holding, Koksoord, Randfontein. 1962
Some Afrikaners: An elder of the Dutch Reformed Church walking home with his family after the Sunday service, George. January 1968
Some Afrikaners: An elder of the Dutch Reformed Mission Church walking home with his family after the Sunday service, Carnavon. January 1968
Some Afrikaners: The commando of National Party stalwarts which escorted Prime Minister and National Party leader, Hendrik Verwoerd and his wife, Betsie, to the party's 50th anniversary celebrations at De Wildt, Transvaal. October 1964
Some Afrikaners: The farm Quaggasfontein in the Great Karoo on a summer afternoon. About 250 years ago, after 13 years of work, two slaves are said to have completed the building of this wall which surrounds the farmyard, near Graaff-Reinet. Dec 1966
Soweto: A man and a passing woman, Tladi. 5 November 1972
Soweto: At the Soccer Cup Final, Orlando Stadium. 1972
Soweto: Butchering a coal merchant's horse for its meat after it had been condemned and shot by a municipal inspector, Tladi. November 1972
Soweto: George and Sarah Manyani, 3153 Emdeni Extension. August 1972
Soweto: Margaret Mcingana at home on a Sunday afternoon, Zola. As Margaret Singana she became a famous singer. She died on 22 April 2000 at the age of 63. October 1970
Soweto: Meadowlands from Mofolo, Soweto, Johannesburg. September 1972
Soweto: Young men with dompas, White City, Jabavu. November 1972
Squatter camp of foreign nationals between the N1 and railway property at Woodstock. Cape Town. 22 August 2006
Structures: A new shack under construction, Lenasia Extension 9, Lenasia, Johannesburg. 5 May 1990
Structures: Die Heldeakker, The Heroes' Acre: cemetery for white members of the security forces killed in 'The Total Onslaught.' Ventersdorp, Transvaal. 1 November 1986
Structures: Flushing Meadows – so called because it had water-borne sanitation – and lighting masts, Site B, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, Cape. 11 October 1987
Structures: Homesteads, Manyane, KwaZulu Natal. 28 July 1989
Structures: Luke Kgatitsoe at his house, destroyed by government bulldozers in February 1984. Magopa, Ventersdorp district. 21 October 1986
Structures: Mother and child in their home after the destruction of its shelter by officials of the Western Cape Development Board, Crossroads, Cape Town. 11 October 1986
Structures: Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, inaugurated 31 July 1966, Op-die-Berg, Cape. 23 May 1987
Structures: No Rest Location, formerly New Rest Location renamed by residents because of harassment by the Security Police in the 1980s, Middelburg, Cape. 21 July 1986
Structures: Remnant of a wild almond hedge planted in 1660 to keep the indigenous Khoe out of the first European settlement in South Africa, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town. 16 May 1993
Structures: Speculative investment by a property developer in a house which he claimed was 'authentic Cape Dutch' but which was, in fact, a grossly corrupted version of that form, Agatha, Tzaneen district. 10 April 1989
Structures: Suburban garden, Bloubergstrand and Table Bay, Cape Town ('...the entire coastal belt from Bloubergstrand to Melkbosstrand has been proclaimed a white group area from The Standard Encylopaedia of Southern Africa (1971)'). 9 January 1986
Structures: The destruction of District Six under the Group Areas Act, Cape Town. 5 May 1982
Structures: Unemployed men and Krugerpark government housing scheme for lower and middle class whites. Pretoria, Transvaal. 28 October 1986
Time-office clerks and a miner, City Deep Gold Mine, Johannesburg. 1966